Maulana Jafar al-Tayyar (AS) – The Winged Martyr of Islam and Brother of Maula Ali (AS)
Maulana Jafar (AS): The Courageous Lion of Islam and His Heroic Legacy
Early Life and Family Background
Maulana Jafar (AS), the elder brother of Maula Ali (AS), belonged to a distinguished family. He had two younger brothers, Maulana Talib and Maulana Aqeel, with a ten-year gap between each sibling. Known for his piety, wisdom, and courage, Maulana Jafar (AS) played a pivotal role in early Islamic history, earning immense respect among the companions of Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
From a young age, Maulana Jafar (AS) demonstrated exceptional leadership qualities, guiding those around him in faith and action. His dedication to Islam became even more prominent as the oppression of Muslims by the Quraysh intensified in Makkah.
Migration to Abyssinia (Hababsha)
During the early years of Islam, Muslims faced severe persecution from the Quraysh. Reports of oppression reached Prophet Muhammad (SAW), prompting him to advise a group of followers to seek refuge in Abyssinia (Hababsha), under the Christian king, Najashi. This migration, known as Hijrat-e-Habasha, was led by Maulana Jafar (AS), who acted as the chief representative for the 83 Muslims and their families.
Before departure, Maulana Abu Talib provided Maulana Jafar (AS) with a letter addressed to Najashi, explaining the conditions of Muslims in Makkah and requesting protection. Upon arrival, Najashi warmly received the Muslims and honored Maulana Jafar (AS) for his leadership and eloquence.
When two Quraysh emissaries attempted to slander Islam and persuade Najashi to return the Muslims to Makkah, Maulana Jafar (AS) addressed the king with wisdom and courage. He explained how Islam had transformed the lives of the Makkah inhabitants, emphasizing justice, faith, and moral conduct.
Maulana Jafar (AS) then recited verses from Surah Maryam, moving Najashi and his court to tears. Impressed by Maulana Jafar’s (AS) sincerity and knowledge, Najashi rejected the Quraysh emissaries’ demands and continued to provide refuge to the Muslims.
During his stay in Abyssinia, Maulana Jafar (AS) married Asma bint Uwais, further strengthening his life in the new land while maintaining his spiritual dedication.
Return to Medina and Connection with Prophet Muhammad (SAW)
After several years in Abyssinia, Maulana Jafar (AS) returned to Medina with the Muslim migrants. His arrival coincided with the Victory of Khaibar, bringing dual happiness to the Prophet (SAW) and the community. On this occasion, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) personally taught Maulana Jafar (AS) the “Tasbeeh-e-Azam”, a special form of prayer.
Maulana Jafar (AS) continued to support Islam through his knowledge, guidance, and exemplary conduct, preparing himself and others for the challenges that lay ahead in defending the faith.
Leadership in the Battle of Mutah
In 8 Hijri, the Battle of Mutah marked a crucial moment for the early Muslim community. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) appointed Maulana Jafar (AS) as the commander of the Muslim army to face the Eastern Roman Empire. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) instructed that if Maulana Jafar (AS) fell in battle, Zaid bin Haritha would take command, followed by Abdullah bin Rawaahah if needed.
The Muslims marched towards Mutah, aware of the overwhelming enemy forces. With unwavering faith, Maulana Jafar (AS) inspired the soldiers:
"We are here to defend Islam, not by our own strength, but by the support of Allah. We will either achieve victory or attain martyrdom."
During the battle, Maulana Jafar (AS) displayed extraordinary valor. When the enemy attempted to sever his banner, he held it firmly with his hands. Even after both hands were cut, he continued to hold the flag with the upper portion of his arms until he attained martyrdom. At just 33 years of age, Maulana Jafar (AS) sacrificed his life for Islam. In recognition of his heroism, Allah granted him two wings, allowing him to soar in paradise.
After his martyrdom, Zaid bin Haritha took command, followed by Abdullah bin Rawaahah, both of whom also attained martyrdom, fulfilling the prophecy of Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
Legacy of Maulana Jafar (AS)
The Prophet (SAW) personally informed Asma bint Uwais about the martyrdom of her husband, Maulana Jafar (AS). Despite the grief, she remained steadfast, witnessing the strength of faith exemplified by Maulana Jafar (AS). He was buried in Mutah, Jordan, which remains a sacred site of reverence.
Later, Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin (RA) visited Mutah, offering prayers at Maulana Jafar’s (AS) grave and commissioning a Zarih Mubarak in 1420H, commemorating the bravery and piety of this remarkable companion.
Maulana Jafar (AS) is remembered not only for his military leadership but also for his spiritual guidance, courage in the face of persecution, and steadfastness in defending Islam. His story continues to inspire generations of Muslims to uphold faith, justice, and sacrifice.
Conclusion
Maulana Jafar (AS) embodies the ideals of courage, faith, and leadership in Islamic history. From leading the migration to Abyssinia to his heroic martyrdom at the Battle of Mutah, his life serves as a beacon for Muslims worldwide. His unwavering dedication to Islam and exemplary character make him one of the most revered companions of Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
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